The Data Analysis with R course on Udacity introduces exploratory data analysis (EDA) and its importance in analyzing and summarizing data sets. The course utilizes R as a tool for generating visuals and conducting analyses. Students will learn the basics of R, including installing RStudio and packages, understanding the layout and basic commands of R, and practicing writing basic R scripts. They will also explore one variable, learning how to understand the distribution of a variable, check for anomalies and outliers, and quantify and visualize individual variables within a data set. The course then moves on to exploring two variables, teaching techniques for examining the relationship between any two variables in a data set, creating scatter plots, calculating correlations, and investigating conditional means. Students will also learn methods and visualizations for exploring relationships among multiple variables, including reshaping data frames and using aesthetics like color and shape to uncover more information. The course concludes with a project where students will create their own exploratory data analysis on a data set of their choice, and they will also investigate the diamonds data set alongside a Facebook Data Scientist to understand how predictive modeling can determine a good price for a diamond.